| 2026年高考数学新高考Ⅱ-11 |
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2026-10-10 17:45:35 |
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(6分)已知抛物线$E:y^{2}=8x$,斜率$k(k > 0)$的直线$l$过点$(-1,0)$,△$ABC$为等边三角形,点$A$在抛物线$E$上,$B$,$C$两点在直线$l$上,则( ) A.$E$的准线方程为$x=-2$ B.若$l$与$E$没有公共点,则$k > \sqrt{2}$ C.若$l$与$E$的唯一公共点为$B$,则$E$的焦点在直线$AB$上 D.当$k=2$时,△$ABC$的面积最小值为$\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{15}$ 〖答案〗$ABD$ 〖分析〗根据抛物线方程判断$A$,联立直线$l$与抛物线$E$的方程,可以判断$B$,同时确定$C$的$k$值,根据△$ABC$为等边三角形,确定斜率关系从而判断$C$,最后根据点到直线距离,用$A$点坐标表示△$ABC$的面积,最后根据配方法求解最小值,判断$D$. 〖解答〗解:$\because$抛物线$E:y^{2}=8x$, $\therefore p=4$, $\therefore$准线方程为:$x=-2$,故$A$正确; 由点斜式可得,直线$l:y=k(x+1)$, 联立直线$l$与抛物线$E:\left\{\begin{array}{l}{{y}^{2}=8x}\\ {y=k(x+1)}\end{array}\right.$, 整理得:$k^{2}x^{2}+(2k^{2}-8)x+k^{2}=0$, $\therefore$△$=(2k^{2}-8)^{2}-4k^{4}=64-32k^{2}$, 当△$ < 0$时,直线$l$与$E$没有交点, 即$64-32k^{2} < 0$, 解得:$k < -\sqrt{2}$或$k > \sqrt{2}$, $\because k > 0$, $\therefore k > \sqrt{2}$,故$B$正确; 当△$=0$时,直线$l$月$E$交于唯一点, $\therefore k=\sqrt{2}$, $\therefore B(1$,$2\sqrt{2})$,直线$l:y=\sqrt{2}(x+1)$, $\because p=4$, $\therefore$抛物线焦点$F(2,0)$, $\therefore k_{BF}=-2\sqrt{2}$, $\because$△$ABC$为等边三角形, $\therefore \angle ABC=\dfrac{\pi }{3}$, 若$AB$过焦点$F$,则$\dfrac{k-{k}_{BF}}{1+k\cdot {k}_{BF}}=\pm \sqrt{3}$, $\because$$\dfrac{k-{k}_{BF}}{1+k\cdot {k}_{BF}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{2}}{1-4}=-\sqrt{2}\ne \pm \sqrt{3}$, $\therefore AB$不可能过焦点$F$,故$C$错误; 当$k=2$时,直线$l:y=2(x+1)$, $\because k > \sqrt{2}$, $\therefore$直线$l$与抛物线$E$无交点, 设$A(\dfrac{{y}^{2}}{8}$,$y)$,$A$到直线$l$距离为$d$, $\therefore d=\dfrac{\vert \dfrac{{y}^{2}}{4}-y+2\vert }{\sqrt{1+{2}^{2}}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{5}(\dfrac{{y}^{2}}{4}-y+2)$, $\because$△$ABC$为等边三角形, $\therefore d=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}AB$, $\because S_{\triangle ABC}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}AB^{2}$, $\therefore AB$取最小值时,$S_{\triangle ABC}$取最小值, $\therefore d$去最小值时,$S_{\triangle ABC}$取最小值, $\because d=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{5}(\dfrac{{y}^{2}}{4}-y+2)=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{5}[\dfrac{1}{4}(y-2)^{2}+1]$, $\therefore y=2$时,$d$最小,最小值为$\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{5}$, $\therefore S_{\triangle ABC}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{15}$,故$D$正确. 故选:$ABD$. 〖点评〗本题主要考查了直线与抛物线的综合,属于难题.
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