91学 首页 > 数学 > 高考题 > 2026 > 2026年新高考2 > 正文 返回 打印

2026年高考数学新高考Ⅱ-10

  2026-10-10 17:45:21  

(6分)等比数列$\{a_{n}\}$的公比$q\ne 1$,$a_{1} > 0$,$2a_{3}=a_{1}+a_{2}$,记数列$\{a_{n}\}$的前$n$项和为$S_{n}$,则(  )
A.$q=-\dfrac{1}{2}$              B.$S_{n} > \dfrac{2}{3}{a}_{1}$              
C.$2S_{n+2}=S_{n+1}+S_{n}$              D.$\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}{S}_{k} > \dfrac{2n}{3}a_{1}$
〖答案〗$ACD$
〖分析〗利用条件求出公比,再结合选项分析得出结论.
〖解答〗解:由题意,$2{a}_{1}{q}^{2}={a}_{1}q+a_{1}$,
因为$a_{1} > 0$,所以$2q^{2}=q+1$,
因为$q\ne 1$,所以$q=-\dfrac{1}{2}$,$A$正确;
$S_{2}=a_{2}+a_{1}=\dfrac{1}{2}a_{1} < \dfrac{2{a}_{1}}{3}$,$B$错误;
因为$q=-\dfrac{1}{2}$,所以$2S_{n+2}=2S_{n+1}+2a_{n+2}=2S_{n+1}-a_{n+1}$,
因为$S_{n+1}+S_{n}=2S_{n+1}-a_{n+1}$,所以$2S_{n+2}=S_{n+1}+S_{n}$,$C$正确;
$\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}{S}_{k}=\dfrac{2}{3}{a}_{1}[n-(-\dfrac{1}{2})-(-\dfrac{1}{2})^{2}-\ldots -(-\dfrac{1}{2})^{n}]=\dfrac{2n{a}_{1}}{3}-\dfrac{2{a}_{1}}{3}\cdot \dfrac{(-\dfrac{1}{2})[1-(-\dfrac{1}{2})^{n}]}{1+\dfrac{1}{2}}$,
$n\rightarrow +\infty$时,$\dfrac{2{a}_{1}}{3}\cdot \dfrac{(-\dfrac{1}{2})[1-(-\dfrac{1}{2})^{n}]}{1+\dfrac{1}{2}}\rightarrow \dfrac{2{a}_{1}}{3}\cdot \dfrac{(-\dfrac{1}{2})}{1+\dfrac{1}{2}}=-\dfrac{2{a}_{1}}{9}$,
所以$\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}{S}_{k} > \dfrac{2n{a}_{1}}{3}$,$D$正确.
故选:$ACD$.
〖点评〗本题考查等比数列的通项公式及求和公式,考查计算能力,属于中档题.

http://x.91apu.com//shuxue/gkt/2026/2026xgk2/2026-10-10/34482.html