| 2026年高考数学新高考Ⅱ-3 |
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2026-10-10 17:44:08 |
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(5分)已知向量$\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}$满足$\vert \overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\vert =1$,$\vert \overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\vert =\sqrt{3}$,则$\overrightarrow{a}\cdot \overrightarrow{b}=$( ) A.$\dfrac{1}{2}$ B.$\dfrac{1}{3}$ C.$-\dfrac{1}{3}$ D.$-\dfrac{1}{2}$ 〖答案〗$D$ 〖分析〗根据平面向量的模长公式,对$\vert \overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\vert =1$,$\vert \overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\vert =\sqrt{3}$,两边分别平方,再相减,即可求得$\overrightarrow{a}\cdot \overrightarrow{b}$. 〖解答〗解:因为$\vert \overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\vert =1$,$\vert \overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\vert =\sqrt{3}$,所以${\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}+2\overrightarrow{a}\cdot \overrightarrow{b}+{\overrightarrow{b}}^{2}=1$,${\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}-2\overrightarrow{a}\cdot \overrightarrow{b}+{\overrightarrow{b}}^{2}=3$; 两式相减得,$4\overrightarrow{a}\cdot \overrightarrow{b}=-2$,解得$\overrightarrow{a}\cdot \overrightarrow{b}=-\dfrac{1}{2}$. 故选:$D$. 〖点评〗本题考查了平面向量数量积的运算,是基础题.
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