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2022年高考数学浙江16

  2022-12-16 20:47:42  

(4分)已知双曲线$\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}-\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}=1(a > 0,b > 0)$的左焦点为$F$,过$F$且斜率为$\dfrac{b}{4a}$的直线交双曲线于点$A(x_{1}$,$y_{1})$,交双曲线的渐近线于点$B(x_{2}$,$y_{2})$且$x_{1} < 0 < x_{2}$.若$\vert FB\vert =3\vert FA\vert$,则双曲线的离心率是  $\dfrac{3\sqrt{6}}{4}$ .
分析:过点$A$作$AA\prime \bot x$轴于点$A\prime$,过点$B$作$BB\prime \bot x$轴于点$B\prime$,依题意,点$B$在渐近线$y=\dfrac{b}{a}x$上,不妨设$B(m,\dfrac{b}{a}m),m > 0$,根据题设条件可求得点$A$的坐标为$(-\dfrac{5c}{9},\dfrac{bc}{9a})$,代入双曲线方程,化简可得$a$,$c$的关系,进而得到离心率.
解:如图,过点$A$作$AA\prime \bot x$轴于点$A\prime$,过点$B$作$BB\prime \bot x$轴于点$B\prime$,

由于$B(x_{2}$,$y_{2})$且$x_{2} > 0$,则点$B$在渐近线$y=\dfrac{b}{a}x$上,不妨设$B(m,\dfrac{b}{a}m),m > 0$,
设直线$AB$的倾斜角为$\theta$,则$\tan \theta =\dfrac{b}{4a}$,则$\dfrac{\vert B{B}'\vert }{\vert F{B}'\vert }=\dfrac{b}{4a}$,即$\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{a}m}{\vert F{B}'\vert }=\dfrac{b}{4a}$,则$\vert FB\prime \vert =4m$,
$\therefore \vert OF\vert =c=4m-m=3m$,
又$\dfrac{\vert A{A}'\vert }{\vert B{B}'\vert }=\dfrac{\vert AF\vert }{\vert BF\vert }=\dfrac{1}{3}$,则$\vert A{A}'\vert =\dfrac{1}{3}\vert B{B}'\vert =\dfrac{bm}{3a}=\dfrac{bc}{9a}$,
又$\dfrac{\vert F{A}'\vert }{\vert F{B}'\vert }=\dfrac{\vert AF\vert }{\vert BF\vert }=\dfrac{1}{3}$,则$\vert F{A}'\vert =\dfrac{1}{3}\vert F{B}'\vert =\dfrac{4m}{3}$,则$\vert {x}_{1}\vert =3m-\dfrac{4m}{3}=\dfrac{5m}{3}=\dfrac{5c}{9}$,
$\therefore$点$A$的坐标为$(-\dfrac{5c}{9},\dfrac{bc}{9a})$,
$\therefore$$\dfrac{\dfrac{25{c}^{2}}{81}}{{a}^{2}}-\dfrac{\dfrac{{b}^{2}{c}^{2}}{81{a}^{2}}}{{b}^{2}}=1$,即$\dfrac{{c}^{2}}{{a}^{2}}=\dfrac{81}{24}=\dfrac{27}{8}$,
$\therefore$$e=\dfrac{c}{a}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{6}}{4}$.
故答案为:$\dfrac{3\sqrt{6}}{4}$.

点评:本题考查双曲线的性质,考查数形结合思想及运算求解能力,属于中档题.

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