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2023年高考数学新高考Ⅱ-5

  2023-07-08 11:07:57  

(5分)已知椭圆$C:\dfrac{{x}^{2}}{3}+{y}^{2}=1$的左焦点和右焦点分别为$F_{1}$和$F_{2}$,直线$y=x+m$与$C$交于点$A$,$B$两点,若△$F_{1}AB$面积是△$F_{2}AB$面积的两倍,则$m=($  $)$
A.$\dfrac{2}{3}$              B.$\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}$              C.$-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}$              D.$-\dfrac{2}{3}$
答案:$C$
分析:记直线$y=x+m$与$x$轴交于$M(-m,0)$,由题意可得$\vert -\sqrt{2}-x_{M}\vert =2\vert \sqrt{2}-x_{M}\vert$,求解即可.
解:记直线$y=x+m$与$x$轴交于$M(-m,0)$,
椭圆$C:\dfrac{{x}^{2}}{3}+{y}^{2}=1$的左,右焦点分别为$F_{1}(-\sqrt{2}$,$0)$,$F_{2}(\sqrt{2}$,$0)$,
由△$F_{1}AB$面积是△$F_{2}AB$的2倍,可得$\vert F_{1}M\vert =2\vert F_{2}M\vert$,
$\therefore \vert -\sqrt{2}-x_{M}\vert =2\vert \sqrt{2}-x_{M}\vert$,解得$x_{M}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}$或$x_{M}=3\sqrt{2}$,
$\therefore -m=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}$或$-m=3\sqrt{2}$,$\therefore m=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}$或$m=-3\sqrt{2}$,
联立$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\dfrac{{x}^{2}}{3}+{y}^{2}=1}\\ {y=x+m}\end{array}\right.$可得,$4x^{2}+6mx+3m^{2}-3=0$,
$\because$直线$y=x+m$与$C$相交,所以△$ > 0$,解得$m^{2} < 4$,
$\therefore m=-3\sqrt{2}$不符合题意,
故$m=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}$.
故选:$C$.
点评:本题考查直线与椭圆的位置关系,考查运算求解能力,属中档题.

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