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2023年高考数学新高考Ⅰ-5

  2023-07-08 10:56:56  

(5分)设椭圆$C_{1}:\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+y^{2}=1(a > 1)$,$C_{2}:\dfrac{x^2}{4}+y^{2}=1$的离心率分别为$e_{1}$,$e_{2}$.若$e_{2}=\sqrt{3}e_{1}$,则$a=($  $)$
A.$\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}$              B.$\sqrt{2}$              C.$\sqrt{3}$              D.$\sqrt{6}$
答案:$A$
分析:利用椭圆$C_{2}:\dfrac{x^2}{4}+y^{2}=1$的方程可求其离心率$e_{2}$,进而可求$e_{1}$,可求$a$.
解:由椭圆$C_{2}:\dfrac{x^2}{4}+y^{2}=1$可得$a_{2}=2$,$b_{2}=1$,$\therefore c_{2}=\sqrt{4-1}=\sqrt{3}$,
$\therefore$椭圆$C_{2}$的离心率为$e_{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$,
$\because e_{2}=\sqrt{3}e_{1}$,$\therefore e_{1}=\dfrac{1}{2}$,$\therefore$$\dfrac{{c}_{1}}{{a}_{1}}=\dfrac{1}{2}$,
$\therefore$${a}_{1}^{2}=4{c}_{1}^{2}=4({a}_{1}^{2}-{b}_{1}^{2})=4({a}_{1}^{2}-1)$,
$\therefore a=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}$或$a=-\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}$(舍去).
故选:$A$.
点评:本题考查椭圆的几何性质,考查运算求解能力,属基础题.

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